Understand
The big ideas of Aotearoa New Zealand’s histories
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Māori have been settling, storying, shaping, and have been shaped by these lands and waters for centuries. Māori history forms a continuous thread, directly linking the contemporary world to the past. It is characterised by diverse experiences for individuals, hapū, and iwi within underlying and enduring cultural similarities.
E kore au e ngaro; he kākano i ruia mai i Rangiātea.
We know who we are and where we come from; therefore we can move forward with confidence.
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The settlement of Aotearoa New Zealand has contributed to an increasingly diverse population, with many languages and cultures now part of its fabric. Colonisation began as part of a worldwide imperial project. It has been a complex, contested process, experienced and negotiated differently in different parts of Aotearoa New Zealand over time. Aotearoa New Zealand has also colonised parts of the Pacific.
Kaua e uhia Te Tiriti o Waitangi ki te kara o Ingarangi. Engari me uhi anō ki tōu kahu Māori, ki te kahu o tēnei motu ake.
Do not drape The Treaty of Waitangi with the Union Jack of England, but rather with your Māori cloak, which is of this country.
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Individuals, groups, and organisations have exerted and contested power in ways that improve the lives of people and communities, and in ways that lead to exclusion, injustice, and conflict.
Ko te pipi te tuatahi, ko te kaunuku te tuarua.
People use their agency to respond to injustice.
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People in Aotearoa New Zealand have been connected locally, nationally, and globally through voyaging, discovery, trade, aid, and creative exchanges. This has led to the adoption of new ideas and technologies, political institutions and alliances, and social movements.
Tuia i runga, tuia i raro, tuia i waho, tuia i roto, tuia te muka tāngata.
People can achieve a common goal when connected through relationships and knowledge.
Know
National, rohe, and local contexts
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This context focuses on how the past shapes who we are today – our familial links and bonds, our networks and connections, our sense of obligation, and the stories woven into our collective and diverse identities.
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This context focuses on the history of authority and control, and the contests over them. At the heart of these contests are the authorities guaranteed by Te Tiriti o Waitangi | The Treaty of Waitangi. This context also considers the history of the relationships between government agencies and the people who lived here and in the Pacific.
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This context focuses on the relationships of individuals, groups, and communities with the land, water, and resources, and on the history of contests over their control, use, and protection.
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This context focuses on the choices people made to meet their needs and wants, how they made a living individually and collectively, and the resulting exchanges and interconnections.
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Rohe historical contexts as defined by iwi and hapū and guided by the question: What stories do local iwi and hapū share about the history of the people of this rohe? Historical contexts relevant to local communities and guided by the question – What stories are told about the people, events, and changes that are important to this area? Contexts that reflect the diverse histories and experiences of the peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. Topics and stories chosen by ākonga when inquiring into the history of the rohe and local area.
Do
Thinking critically about the past and interpreting stories about it
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The construction of narratives about the past is based on the ability to sequence events and changes and to identify historical relationships between them and how long ago they happened. Depending on who is telling the story, the same story can be told in different ways.
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Drawing on a broad base of historical sources, in varied forms, provides a fuller and layered understanding of the past. This includes paying deliberate attention to mātauranga Māori sources and approaches. When drawing evidence from sources, it is important to consider authorship and purpose and to identify voices that are missing.
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Interpretations of people’s past experiences, decisions, and actions need to take account of the attitudes and values of the time and people’s predicaments and points of view. By using these interpretations and reflecting on our own values, we can make evidence-based ethical judgements about the past.